Cancer immunology is a branch of immunology that studies interactions between the immune system and cancer cells (also called tumors or malignancies). It is a field of research that aims to discover cancer immunotherapies to treat and retard progression of the disease. Cancer immunotherapy also known as Immuno-oncology is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies can be categorized as active, passive or hybrid (active and passive). The immune response, including the recognition of cancer-specific antigens, forms the basis of targeted therapy (such as vaccines and antibody therapies) and tumor marker-based diagnostic tests.

Many factors influence the development of cancer. Over the last 25 years, science has shown that diet, physical activity, and body weight—especially being overweight or obese—are major risk factors for developing certain types of cancer. Around a third of the most common cancers could be prevented through lifestyle changes. The main behavioral and environmental risk factors for cancer mortality in the world are related to diet and physical inactivity, use of addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health and exposure to air pollution and use of contaminated needles. The body’s ability to resist cancer may be helped by following a healthy diet, staying physically active, and avoiding excess body fat.  Cancer and cancer treatments can also affect your body's ability to tolerate certain foods and use nutrients.

Oncology Nursing  is a field involving practice encompasses the roles of direct caregiver, educator, consultant, administrator, and researcher. Oncology and cancer nursing extends to all care delivery settings where clients experiencing or at risk for developing cancer receive health care, education, and counseling for cancer prevention, screening and detection. It also involves appropriate screenings and other preventative practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon end of life. An oncology nurse is a nursing professional who specializes in caring for people with cancer. Oncology nurses often serve as your first line of communication, and help coordinate the many aspects of your care throughout cancer treatment. Nursing Management is an important chapter of the nursing education. The nursing professionals in radiation oncology field will be highly demandable. Oncology nursing professionals mostly gives the palliative care for patients and comforts them. Cancer Congress 2018 will create a new revolution in cancer science and cancer nursing field.

Unlike diagnostic efforts prompted by symptoms and medical signs, cancer screening involves efforts to detect cancer after it has formed, but before any noticeable symptoms appear. This may involve physical examination, blood or urine tests or medical imaging. 

Cancer screening is not available for many types of cancers. Even when tests are available, they may not be recommended for everyone. Universal screening or mass screening involves screening everyone. Selective screening identifies people who are at higher risk, such as people with a family history. Several factors are considered to determine whether the benefits of screening outweigh the risks and the costs of screening.

Targeted therapy is a special type of chemotherapy that exploits differences between normal cells and tumor cells. It's occasionally utilized alone, however frequently other disease medicines are utilized with targeted therapy.

As the name proposes, targeted therapies interfere with particular proteins engaged with tumorigenesis. Instead of utilizing expansive base growth medications, concentrating on particular atomic changes which are one of a kind to a specific disease, directed tumor treatments might be all the more remedially gainful for some malignancies, including lung, colorectal, breast, lymphoma and leukemia.

Targeted drugs can work to:

• Block or turn off chemical signals that tell the cancer cell to grow and divide
• Change proteins within the cancer cells so the cells die
• Stop making new blood vessels to feed the cancer cells
• Trigger your immune system to kill the cancer cells
• Carry toxins to the cancer cells to kill them, but not normal cells

Electromagnetic radiation Magnetic resonance imaging is a process of composing X-rays that produces strong magnetic fields as well as radio waves to get detailed images of the interior body site. Biopsy is process of medical test in order to find the existence of cancer in our body. Generally this test will prescribe by an oncologist, interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist that involves sample of cells or tissues for examination. A complete blood count (CBC) gives significant knowledge about the count and kinds of cells in the blood, especially white blood cells camera.gif, red blood cells camera.gif, and platelets. Cancer staging is the method of regulating cancer maturation to certain extent by spreading. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors is the system of Cancer Staging that provides codes to illustrate a person's cancer stage, when this derives with a solid tumor.

Cancer is somewhat like a common disease. Generally, this category must include only people who are prominent for being survived by cancer, particularly, those who have willingly participated in public activism of issues associated to cancer. As we have to respect people’s eudemonia. Information about people's eudemonia, including their position as a cancer survivor, must always be highlighted by high-quality, non-self-published reliable source. By seeing category people causes cancer. For people who have expired from cancer or its treatment.

A multidisciplinary approach to overhaul has been applied in a variation of settings in clinical oncology, particularly among patients with stomach and colorectal cancer. Multidisciplinary care incorporates various disciplines that existing resources to enhance treatment plans and develops patients’ worth of life. Although the contribution of clinical pharmacists as part of the multidisciplinary team in the oncology department. Cancer Drugs were applied in order to treat the cancer and reducing symptoms of the cancer, and side-effects, such as nausea. Doctors would treat the cancer patients with two or more drugs that were used in chemotherapy and rarely with other medicines, such as steroids. Anti-cancer drugs eliminate cancer cells by preventing growth or obstructing multiplication at certain point in their life cycles. Vaccines were medicines that develops the immune system's natural ability to safeguard the body from “foreign invaders,” that mainly forms an infectious agents that may cause hereditary disease. HPV vaccine and Hepatitis B vaccine were cancer prevention vaccines supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Cancer treatment vaccines were also called therapeutic vaccines that increase the capability of immune system to acknowledge and abolish the antigens.

Cancer therapy is a latest way of treating the cancer that make use of drugs or other material substances to identify and invade on cancer cells, generally while little damage is happening to normal cells. Targeted therapy is producing the growth of many cancer treatment regimens. Molecularly targeted therapy is one among the key modalities of medical treatment for cancer. The Drugs exerted by specific targeting genes. These genes are initiated in cancer cells or in cells linked to cancer growth, such as blood vessel cells. As arrangements of molecular medicine, targeted therapy blocks the evolution of cancer cells by interloping with specific targeted molecules required for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, instead of simply interfering with all rapidly dividing cells.

It is the system of antigenic system material is used to arouse an individual immune system to prevent the pathogens. Vaccines are the preventive measures of infectious diseases. The Influence of the vaccines are been promoted worldwide. This is one of the methods of preventing infectious diseases more effectively. By using, vaccination method we have prevented many diseases, such as smallpox. The vaccine of small pox was discovered by the Louis pasture. Through this lead of vaccine we have eradicated small pox by 1979. In cancer the tumor antigen led a path towards antigen specific immunotherapy of cancer. Today anti – tumor vaccination haven’t reached its promise destination. This happens because of the failure includes tumor immune escape mechanism, limitations in availability of tumor specific antigens in the destination immunological context.

Cancer prevention is an accomplishment drags towards lower chance of getting cancer. In 2017, 1.6 million people were diagnosed with cancer in the United States. Not only the physical problems but also the emotional distress was caused by cancer, the expensive costs of care are also an obligation to patients, their families, and to the public. With the prevention cancer, the number of new cases of cancer can be reduced. Expectantly, this will moderate the load of cancer and cancer death number will decrease. The risk of cancer can be condensed through diet and other lifestyle change. Tobacco is precisely associated with cancer, so precluding tobacco can reduce the danger of lung cancer. Reducing the level of alcohol can reduce the danger of neck throat and esophageal cancer. Persuading exposed skin by smearing sunscreen lotions in order to reduce the risk of skin cancer. Cancer can be handled by many treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, target therapy, and palliative care.

It is another interdisciplinary region including organic, measurable and computational sciences. Now a day’s bioinformatics innovation is for the most part utilized for the special growth investigation. Ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 (RSK4) is a vital novel tumor silencer that hinders breast cancer cell development and initiates senescence. Utilizing pair proclivity cleaning, we got protein buildings that associated with RSK4 or RSK4m. Mass range examination was performed to distinguish the acquired protein edifices, and bioinformatics investigation was performed.

In women, the body of the women is made up of ovaries. Estrogen generates hormone receptor that leads to the positive breast cancer growth. Therefore, condensing the amount of estrogen can shorten the risk of an early life-stage. These medicines are used to reduce the growth of advanced stage. As there are following types of hormonal therapy medicine, such as aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, as well as estrogen receptor down regulators. In few cases, the surgery will acts as a major role, such as the ovaries as well as the fallopian tubes confiscated by the surgical method in order to treat the hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Abandonment of ovaries is done temporarily by medication. It is very necessary to know that hormonal therapy is not hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT does not used to treat breast cancer. It used to treat the troublesome menopausal side effects in women such as hot flashes and mood swings.

Cancer cells have the capacity to divide in an uncontrollable manner. Cancer cells ignore signals that will be active in stopping the cell division, apoptosis and cell shedding. In a cancer cell, most of the genes metamorphose into a defective one. Cancerous tumors can spread into, or invade, nearby tissues so they are the cause of malignancy. By the progression of these tumors, some cancer cells can be fragmented and travel to other parts in the body through the plasma or the lymphatic system and forms another tumor cell far away from the original tumor which is called metastasis. Cancer pathogenesis deals with the molecular, biochemical, and cell-based approaches are included in cancer cell biology to better understand. Cancer Genetics deals with the cancer growth due to genetic changes, if the changes are present in germ cells it can be inherited from parents to off- springs. Tumor Immunology plays an important role in decision of new approaches for cancer therapeutics. Cancer  Science Conferences articulate the evolutions in the cancer science field.

Pathologists are among the most important members of a patient’s cancer care team. They work to diagnose and determine the stage of cancer, setting the course for what comes next in the treatment journey. Diagnosis and staging are just the beginning of a cancer pathologist’s work. He or she also studies the tumor’s molecular structure to determine whether it is likely to be sensitive to certain chemotherapy drugs, hormone treatments or other cancer therapies. Dr. Garcia says antibodies have become the tool of choice for this task, because they have the ability to find and latch on to key proteins. A marker on the antibody’s other end offers clues as to whether a specific therapy may help fight the cancer. Pathologists may also look to genomic tests to assess whether a targeted therapy, either one that is on the market or one being tested in clinical trials, may offer another option. Cancer pathology’s key role in diagnosing and treating a complex disease, it’s important to stay up to date on new technologies and breakthroughs that continue to shape the ever-evolving landscape of cancer care. Making good use of that expertise is not limited to determining a diagnosis or recommending treatment options.